Gum disease, also called periodontal disease, is a chronic bacterial infection affecting the gums and bones supporting the teeth. It is one of the most common dental problems and can range from a mild inflammation of the gums (gingivitis) to severe damage to the bone and tissues that support the teeth (periodontitis). According to the CDC, symptoms of gum disease can include red, swollen, or bleeding gums, bad breath, receding gums, loose teeth, and changes in the way teeth fit together when biting. If left untreated, gum disease can lead to serious health problems, including heart disease, stroke, and diabetes.
What Causes Gum Disease
The bacteria in dental plaque, a sticky film of bacteria that forms on teeth and gums, causes gum disease. When plaque is not removed through proper oral hygiene practices such as brushing and flossing, the bacteria produce toxins that irritate the gums, leading to inflammation and infection. In addition to poor oral hygiene, smoking and using other tobacco products can increase the risk of gum disease. Genetic factors may make some people more prone to gum disease. People with diabetes are more prone to infections, including gum disease. Women may be at increased risk during pregnancy or menopause due to hormonal changes. Some medications can increase the risk of gum disease by reducing the saliva flow, which helps to wash away bacteria in the mouth. You may also develop gum disease due to poor nutrition if you have crooked teeth or a misaligned bite that can make it harder to clean teeth properly.
How to Treat Gum Disease
The severity of gum disease dictates the method of the treatment. According to battledental.com, the goal of treatment is to remove the bacteria and plaque that cause infection and inflammation in the gums. Some common treatments include:
Professional dental cleaning: The dentist will use special tools to remove the plaque and tartar (hardened plaque) built up on the teeth and below the gum line.
Scaling and root planing: For more advanced cases of gum disease, a deeper cleaning procedure called scaling and root planing may be necessary. It involves removing plaque and tartar from the roots of the teeth and smoothing out the rough surfaces of the roots to prevent bacteria from accumulating.
Antibiotics: In some cases, doctors may prescribe oral or topical antibiotics to treat gum disease.
Surgery: In severe cases of gum disease, you may require surgery to remove damaged tissue or reshape the gums.
How to Prevent Gum Disease
You must maintain good oral hygiene practices, such as brushing twice daily, flossing daily, and visiting the dentist regularly to prevent gum disease. Doctors recommend quitting smoking or using other tobacco products, eating a balanced diet, and avoiding sugary drinks and snacks, which can contribute to tooth decay and gum disease. Managing underlying health conditions such as diabetes can also help prevent gum disease.
Conclusion
Early detection and treatment of gum disease are critical in preventing complications like tooth loss or bone damage. You should schedule regular visits to your dentist for cleanings and checkups. Your dentist can spot early signs of gum disease and provide treatment before it becomes more serious.
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